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The economy of Israel is a technologically advanced market economy.〔 , Israel ranks 19th among 187 nations on the UN's Human Development Index, which places it in the category of "Very Highly Developed" making Israel ahead of developed Western European countries like France, Austria and Belgium. The major industrial sectors include high-technology products, metal products, electronic and biomedical equipment, agricultural products, processed foods, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and transport equipment; the Israeli diamond industry is one of the world's centers for diamond cutting and polishing. Relatively poor in natural resources, Israel depends on imports of petroleum, raw materials, wheat, motor vehicles, uncut diamonds and production inputs, though the country's nearly total reliance on energy imports may change with recent discoveries of large natural gas reserves off its coast on the one hand and the leading role of the Israeli solar energy industry on the other.〔〔 Israel is active in software, telecommunication and semiconductors development.〔http://www.iaesi.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/HongKongbusinessdelegation.pdf〕 Israel's quality university education and the establishment of a highly motivated and educated populace is largely responsible for ushering in the country's high technology boom and rapid economic development. With its strong educational infrastructure and high quality incubation systems for new ideas boasts a high concentration of high-tech industries in Israel, which are backed by a strong venture capital industry, gave it the nickname "Silicon Wadi", which is considered second in importance only to its Californian counterpart. Numerous Israeli companies have been acquired by global corporations for their reliable and quality corporate personnel. The country was the destination for Berkshire Hathaway's first investment outside the United States when it purchased ISCAR Metalworking, and the first research and development centers outside the United States for companies including Intel, Microsoft, and Apple.〔 American business magnates and investors Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Donald Trump as well as Mexican business magnate Carlos Slim have each praised Israel's economy and each entrepreneur has invested heavily in numerous Israeli industries that include real estate, high technology, and manufacturing beyond their traditional business activities and investments back in their home nations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Carlos Slim investing 60 million dollars in an Israeli startup )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Israeli Business Investments )〕 Israel is also a major tourist destination, with 3.54 million foreign tourists visiting it in 2013. In September 2010, Israel was invited to join the OECD.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Israel's accession to the OECD )〕 Israel has also signed free trade agreements with the European Union, the United States, the European Free Trade Association, Turkey, Mexico, Canada, Jordan, Egypt, and on 18 December 2007, became the first non-Latin-American country to sign a free trade agreement with the Mercosur trade bloc.〔.〕 ==History== The first survey of the Dead Sea in 1911, by the Russian Jewish engineer Moshe Novomeysky, led to the establishment of Palestine Potash Ltd. in 1930, later renamed the Dead Sea Works.〔(''The political economy of Israel: From ideology to stagnation'' ), Yakir Plessner, p.72. Google Books. Retrieved on 8 September 2011.〕 In 1923, Pinhas Rutenberg was granted an exclusive concession for the production and distribution of electric power. He founded the Palestine Electric Company, later the Israel Electric Corporation. Between 1920 and 1924, some of the countries largest factories were established, including the Shemen Oil Company, the Societe des Grand Moulins, the Palestine Silicate Company and the Palestine Salt Company.〔(The Roots of Separatism in Palestine: British Economic Policy, 1920-1929, ed. Barbara Jean Smith )〕 In 1937, there were 86 spinning and weaving factories in the country, employing a workforce of 1,500. Capital and technical expertise were supplied by Jewish professionals from Europe. The Ata textile plant in Kiryat Ata, which went on to become an icon of the Israeli textile industry, was established in 1934.〔Tsur, Doron. (12 October 2010) ("When the guns fell silent" ), ''Haaretz''. Retrieved on 8 September 2011.〕 The industry underwent rapid development during World War II, when supplies from Europe were cut off while local manufacturers were commissioned for army needs. By 1943, the number of factories had grown to 250, with a workforce of 5,630, and output increased tenfold.〔("Textiles" ), Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved on 8 September 2011.〕 From 1924, trade fairs were held in Tel Aviv. The Levant Fair was inaugurated in 1932.〔("City of Work and Prosperity": The Levant Fair )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Israel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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